About APAN57 Meeting - APAN57

Snr. Prof. Udith K. Jayasinghe Mudalige

Vice-Chancellor / Senior Professor (Chair) of Agribusiness Management
Wayamba University of Sri Lanka

Title of the speech: Governing an Innovation & Technology-based Food and Agriculture Sector: Trends & Challenges

Abstract
Numerous “trends” shape the future of food and agriculture sectors. The resulting “challenges” from
which faced by an economy can be diverse in relation to the outputs, outcomes and impacts they
generate. Those trends and challenges can broadly be catalogued into the categories of socio-
economic, cultural, technological, commercial, political and environmental etc. Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) talk about numerous aspects pertaining to those trends, including: Population
growth, urbanization and ageing; Governance for food and nutrition security, health and poverty and
inequality; Global economic growth, investment, trade and food prices, and development finance;
Structural change and employment and migration; Changing food systems; Competition for natural
resources; Climate change; Conflicts, crises and natural disasters; Agricultural productivity and
innovation, and Transboundary pests and diseases.
It is estimated that in a world with its population is expected to grow to almost 10 billion by 2050 and
under the scenario of “modest economic growth”, demand for food and agriculture products and
services will be boosted by some 50 percent compared to today. The income growth in those “low to
middle-income” nations will result a significant “dietary transition” towards higher consumption of meat,
fruits and vegetables, relative to that of cereals. This ultimately results commensurate shifts in output
and adding pressure on natural resources. Despite the fact that hunger and extreme poverty have been
reduced globally over the last few decades, nearly 700 million people, most of them from rural areas,
are still “extremely poor” today. As stated by the FAO, under a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario, without
additional efforts to promote pro-poor development, some 653 million people would still be
undernourished in 2030.
The decline in the share of agriculture in total production and employment would pose the challenges in
agricultural investments and technological innovations across the regions. Further, the needed
acceleration in productivity growth will be hampered by the degradation of natural resources, loss of
biodiversity, climate change and the spread of transboundary pests and diseases of plants and
animals. The critical parts of food systems will, thus, show the characteristics of ‘capital-intensive’,
‘vertically integrated’ and ‘concentrated in fewer hands’ across agri-food value and supply chains.
Amongst other happenings, these can result in increased migratory flows of rural male that, in turn, lead
to ‘feminization’ of agriculture.
All these trends poses severe challenges to the food and agriculture in the forms of, for example:
sustainable improvements to the agricultural productivity; eradicate extreme poverty, reduce inequality
and end hunger and all forms of malnutrition; improve income earning opportunities in rural areas and
address the root causes of migration; tackle those issues related to climate change and intensification
of natural hazards, and ensure a sustainable natural resource base.
In the light of above, reorganizing of food systems and the governance will be of considerable tasks to
address those current and future challenges identified. It is indispensable to create innovative systems
that protect and enhance the natural resource base, while increasing productivity and a transformative
process towards ‘holistic’ approaches, such as Climate-Smart Agriculture, Conservation Agriculture,
Agro-Ecology and Agro-Forestry, which also build upon indigenous and traditional knowledge.

Rene Buch

Senior Enterprise Architect Research & Education –
NTT Germany and Former CEO – NORDUnet

Brief Bio

Rene Buch served 16 years as CEO for NORDUnet delivering advanced Telecommunications and ICT Solutions to the European Nordic Research and Education Community. In this capacity he kicked off knowledge exchange program for emerging NRENs that fostered collaboration, knowledge Building and a gender diversity programme in SE Asia and Africa., Rene Buch also served as CTO for European Open Science Clouds Association promoting Open Science in Europe. Currently, Rene Buch serves as Senior Enterprise Architect for Research and Education for NTT Germany delivering tailored ICT solution to the German R&E community. Previously Rene Buch filled several senior roles in Global Telecommunication and ICT Companies.

Title of the Speech : Better together – How eNREN Collaboration enables National and Regional Development

Prof. Simon See

Senior Director, Chief Solution Architect and
Global Head, NVIDIA AI Technology Center,
NVIDIA Corporation

Title of the Speech-High-Performance Simulation in the Age of AI

Abstract

High-performance simulation with AI for digital twins and metaverse is a rapidly growing field that has the potential to revolutionize many industries. The convergence of digital twins, generative AI, and the metaverse is explored this talk. The author discusses how generative AI apps like ChatGPT and Stable Diffusion will soon make it easier for anyone to create digital twin simulations and 3D interactive experiences and environments. The maturation of digital twins will involve enterprises starting out with a “representative” digital twin, then progressing to a “connected” digital twin and on to a “live data” twin, where the simulation is informed by data collected from the real world by sensors and scanners, enabling the model to be updated as it happens. Digital twins are virtual replicas of existing physical objects, systems, or infrastructure, and are used for training, testing, and predicting outcomes. AI use cases for digital twins include predictive maintenance, process automation, and optimization. The implementation of digital twins is still in its nascent stage, and detailed digital twins are still impossible for complex systems. However, digital twins speed up the time to market of many applications and use cases, reduce the time needed to deploy new AI-driven capabilities, and improve commercial efficiency.

Snr. Prof. Ranjith Senaratne

Chairman, National Science Foundation Sri Lanka,
Senior Professor of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna,
Former Vice Chancellor, University of Ruhuna

Brief Bio

Prof. Ranjith Senaratne, Emeritus Professor in Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, possesses over 40 years of experience in higher education, including teaching, research and administration and community development. He has held several senior administrative positions with distinction for a period of over 20 years, i.e. the posts of Dean, Faculty of Agriculture and Vice-Chancellor, University of Ruhuna, Chairman of the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Directors, Chairman of the Ocean University and Vice Chairman, University Grants Commission. Presently, he serves as Chairman of the National Science Foundation and the General President of the Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science in 2023.

As Vice Chancellor, University of Ruhuna, he has been strongly committed to promoting academic excellence, high impact research, creative enterprise, strategic partnership with industry, community development and international cooperation. In recognition of his outstanding contribution in education, science, community development and international cooperation, the University of Durham, UK conferred a honorary Doctorate (honoris causa) on him in 2007.

Prof. Senaratne has been the recipient of several internationally competitive and prestigious research grants, i.e. from the Board on Science and Technology for International Development (BOSTID) of the National Research Council of the USA and has held a number of coveted fellowships, including the Andre Mayer Fellowship of the FAO and the Marie Curie Fellowship of the European Community. He is a Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences and has over 100 research communications and papers to his credit. In addition, he has written and edited over 10 books related to agriculture, higher education, science & technology and national development.

Prof. Senaratne has provided strategic, inspirational and operational leadership to higher educational institutions, and he is a visionary leader and an institution builder.

Title of the Speech – Agriculture in Sri Lanka: Harnessing Potential and Embracing Change

Abstract

Agriculture, which mainly fed the population in the Agrarian Era, has since undergone a great deal of transformation in its scope, purpose, nature, complexity and sophistication. Agriculture today needs to produce not only food, but also feed, fibre, fuel (energy), nutraceuticals (e.g. dietary supplements, functional food, and medicinal food), cosmeceuticals and biotechnological products such as vaccines, antibiotics and enzymes. This sector presently occupies around 40% of land and consumes over 80% of the fresh water resources in the country. However, it is beset with a myriad of issues, including stagnant and low yield and quality, inefficient use of resources, including water and fertilizer, uncoordinated and unregulated production leading to unpredictable gluts and scarcities that cause drastic price fluctuations, overuse and abuse of pesticides and fertilizers, and heavy post-harvest losses. Low value addition, the predominance of small and scattered holdings, excess labour with low productivity, a lack of innovative business models and poor integration of agriculture into national, regional and global value chains are the other major constraints. In addition, with the advent of climate change, there is rising demand for crops and livestock that are resistant to pests, diseases and abiotic stresses. These issues have been exacerbated by lack of a rational, coherent and consistent national policy with a clear sense of direction and depth, particularly in agriculture, land and trade.

Therefore agriculture today poses serious challenges to economic, social, environmental, nutritional and health sectors. Meanwhile, its technological landscape is changing rapidly and markets are becoming increasingly globalized, sophisticated, dynamic and competitive. Besides, importing countries impose stringent control on food quality, safety and hygiene as the consumer is becoming increasingly health-conscious.

The agriculture and food systems should, therefore, become more productive, more resource- efficient, more resilient, more environment-friendly, less wasteful and more profitable. This is a formidable challenge, but has to be met. This calls for a new bold and compelling vision for agriculture. Hence, a step change in agriculture in Sri Lanka is urgently needed to transform it into a tech-savvy, export-oriented agri-business through smart farming where the whole process from production, processing, storage, marketing and distribution should be reengineered and remodeled for value chain enhancement. This includes, among other things, advance provision of weather data, market dynamics and price fluctuation, early detection of pests and diseases, and determination of water and nutrient needs. These will contribute a great deal to reduce the risk and uncertainty associated with agriculture.

This demands a suite of technologies to be adopted, such as ICT, biotechnology, nanotechnology, remote sensing and GIS, artificial intelligence, automation, Big Data, drones, Internet of Things, Robotics, etc., all of which are of great relevance and value. Here, one should not disregard or underestimate the value and relevance of indigenous knowledge (IK) — a precious hitherto untapped national resource — that should be harnessed to enhance agricultural production in a cost-effective and sustainable manner.

Therefore, it is imperative to rethink not only the way we produce, process, package, store, transport, distribute, market, deliver and consume food, but also the way we dispose of agricultural waste, to create a “zero waste” society. This calls for the transformation of conventional agriculture into a knowledge-based circular agriculture through a sea change which will enable increased production. This will be based on the use of considerably less resources and inputs to achieve sustainability with a reduced carbon footprint, water footprint, energy footprint and ecological footprint with greater profit. Therefore, a cultural revolution of sorts is the need of the hour, paving the way for a new Agri-Culture in Sri Lanka.

Snr. Prof. Sampath Amarathunga

Chairman of University Grants Commission Sri Lanka,
Former Vice-chancellor of the University of Jayawardenepura

Title of the Speech – Sri Lankan Higher Education Landscape and the Role of LEARN

Dr. Ryousei Takano

Senior Researcher of the Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),
Japan

Title of the Speech – ABCI and the beyond: the world’s first large-scale open AI infrastructure

Abstract

AI Bridging Cloud Infrastructure (ABCI) is the world’s first large-scale open AI infrastructure, which was put into operation by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in August 2018. After five years of operation, its use has expanded from AI startups to general electronics manufacturers, enabling world-class artificial intelligence (AI) research and development. It has also become an important infrastructure supporting Japan’s AI research and development. Moreover, with the emergence of generative AI, the importance of large-scale AI infrastructure is increasing. In this talk, I will share lessons learned from its operation and directions for future development.

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